Cana de mapas horarios sociedad anonima



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M. ARRIAGA.

MAP

Patented Mar. 26, 1895,.

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(No Model.) 2 Sheets- Sheet 2. M. ARRIAGA. MAP

No. 536,504. Patented Mar. 26, 1895.

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A TTOHNEYS UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

MIGUEL ARRIAGA, OF MEXICO, MEXICO, ASSIGN OR TO THE COMPAIA MEXI- CANA DE MAPAS HORARIOS SOCIEDAD ANONIMA.

MAP.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 536,504, dated March 26, 1895.

Application filed April 25,1894. Serial No. 508,943. (No specimens.)

To all whom t may concern.- run live degrees to the right and left until the Be itknown that I, MIGUEL ARRIAGA,ot the lower point dametrically opposite the Zero 'city of Mexico, Mexico, have invented a new point indicates 1800. See Fig. l. Next to and Improved Map, of which the following is this meridian graduation is arranged a time 55 5 afull, clear, and exact description. graduation to indicate the hours of the day, The invention consists principally of two as will be readily understood by reference to revoluble disks or hemispheres and fixed uni- Fig. l. versal meridians for the same. In order to revolve the gear wheels B and B',

The invention consists of certain parts and and the hemisphere disks C and C' carried 6o xo details, and combinations of the same, as Will thereby, I provide a small gear Wheel F, in be fullydescribed hereinafter and then pointmesh With an intermediate gear wheel F' ed out in the claims. meshing into one of the gear wheels B, B', as Reference is to be had tothe accompanying is shown in Fig. 2. The stem or shaft F2 ot the drawings, forming apart of this specification', gear wheel F is journaled in suitable bear- 65 I5 in which similar letters of reference indicate ings in the frame A, and on the upper end of corresponding parts in all the figures. the said shaft, on top of the frame or casing Figure lis aplan view of the improvement. A, is arranged a button or head F2, adapted Fig. 2 is a sectional plan view of the same on to be taken hold of by the operator, so as the line 2-2 of Fig. 3; and Fig. 3 is a transto permit of turning the shaft to set the gear 7o zo verse section of the same on the line 3 3 of wheels F, F', B, B', in motion, to revolve the Fig. 2. hemispheres simultaneously, so as to bring The improved map is provided with a suitthe same into the desired position. Instead ably constructed casing or frame A, in which of turning the shaft F2 by hand a suitable are mounted the webless Wheels B and B', in clock work F4 may be provided and in gear 75 25 mesh with each other and formed with annuwith the said shaft F2, so as to rotate the disks lar internal flanges B2, engaged by grooved C C' once every twenty-four hours to mark rollers B3, journaled in the bottom of the casv or indicate the hours in all points of the earth. ing A, as is plainly shown in Fig. 3, so that On the upper halt of each hemisphere the the said gear wheels B and B' are guided and sun appears to be shining, while the lower So 3o are thus mounted to revolve Within th-c cas half is in shadow, to indicate night, and to ing. On the top edges of the gear wheels B represent this I fasten boards G an-d G' and B' are secured the disks O and C' respectshaded at their top surfaces, to projections H ively, made preferably of a transparent .or on the casing A within the wheels B, B' and translucent material and displaying, on their under the transparent disks O, C', respect- S5 35 upper faces, a map of the world in two hemiively,so that the lowerpartof thehemispheres spheres; the boreal or northern and the ausas viewed from above appears to be in partial tral or southern. Directly above these two darkness, as indicated in Fig. l. Between disks are arranged the glass covers D and D' these spaces of light and shadow a band I is respectively, set in the casing A, to permit arranged under each disk C or C', and above 9o 4o the operator to view the hemispheres located the corresponding board G or G', and this below the same and engraved, printed or band I is arranged in folds and formed at its otherwise arranged on the disks C and C'. top surface with a light portion I', a dotted On the under sides of the glass covers D and red portion I2 representing twilight, and a D are engraved, etched or otherwise arshaded portion I3 corresponding to the shaded 95 45 ranged meridian lines terminating at the tops of the fixed boardsGand G'. This band edges of the disks on the graduations formed I is secured on a spring .I fitted between opon fixed boards E, E', secured in the frame positely arranged projections II, as is plainly A directly under the covers, as is plainly inindicatedin Fig. 2, the said projections being dicated in Fig. 3. The graduations on the cut out or curved at opposite faces, as indiroe 5o boards E, E', for the meridians on the covers dicated in said Fig. 2.

D, D', commence with zero at the top and then In order to move the springs J either up or down, to shift the corresponding band I accordingly` the following device is provided: Each spring J is pivotally connected at or near its middle by a link K with abell crank lever K', and the two bell crank levers are pivotally connected with each other by a link K2 pivotally connected with a crank arm N secured on a vertically disposed shaft N, journaled in suitable bearings in the casing A and having its upper end provided with a button N2, adapted to be taken hold of by the operator, so that the operator, by turning the said button, turns the crank shaft N whereby a sidewise motion is given to the link K2, and a swinging motion tothe bell crank levers K', which, by the links K reverse the position of the springs J: that is, up or down,accord ing to the direction in which the button N2 is turned. By this arrangement the twilight portion of the bands I is shaded up or down to indicate twilight at the proper place, over the hemisphere, as will be readily understood by reference to Fig. l.

It is understood that when one of the springs J with its band I is moved in au upward direction, the other spring with its band moves downward, thus showing the belt of twilight in the proper position on both hemispheres. It is understood that where the light and dark backgrounds under the disks C and C terminate, sunrise and sunset are indicated, and the intervening red space denotes the duration of dawn or twilight.

If it is desired to adjust the map to any particular meridian, the operator turns the button F3 as above described, so as to turn the hemispheres until the place chosen is beneath the first meridian. In order to find the time in any part of the world, having that of a given place, the operator turns the button F3 to revolve the hemispheres until the name of the place appears below the hour chosen, then the corresponding time iu any part of the world will be shown, as well as where the sun is rising or setting, or whether the place referred to is then in dawn or twilight.

It is understood that all maps of the world as heretofore constructed are arranged with respect to one meridian only, and as each nation bases its gegraphical observations on its meridian, it is necessary to have as many maps as there are nations, in order to utilize them to the best advantage. Globes also present the same difficulty as flat maps, although they have at the equator a graduated circle which can be adjusted to any meridian; but this is inconvenient, as it only shows the longitude clearly at the equator, and even to do this the globe must be turned around, thus making the observation difficult. All geographical work can be reduced to any meridian, by calculations, but this process would only be of value for observations of great accuracy, for astronomy, navigation, duc. Besides the great amount of labor required to Obtain these observations they are of almost no value at all for teaching geography or for references which frequently arise, requiring no great accuracy but only the advantage of showing at a glance all places in the world arranged to that particular meridian. The new map above described obviates these dilii culties, and with the universal meridian in divisions of fifteen degrees almost all the information desired can be obtained or shown at once. l/Vhen arranged to any proposed meridian as above described, and by calculating approximately the fifteenth part of the space between the marked degrees, the longitude can be found with hardly a difference of one degree, that is with much greater ac curacy than can be obtained with any of the maps or globes now actually in use and having their meridians divided in sections of ten degrees or even fifteen degrees. The universal meridian will be of great service and help in the study of geography, as all observations can be made immediately and without calculation to any meridian.

The inconveniences common to all maps and globes as heretofore constructed with regard to the meridian, are found to a greater extent in connection with the differences of time. The maps of the world adjusted to one meridian do not showthe comparison of time in different places, butonly show twelve oclock by their first meridian. In globes the same Objections exist, although they have at the equator a circle with marked hours, but they present the same inconveniences iu regard to time, as they do to the meridian above described.

Thetime at any place can be found out by calculation, but only afterhard work isolated results are produced without reference to any other part of the world. Vith the inap of the world above described and with the universal meridian and time indicator, a person will be enabled at a glance and without calculation, to find the time at any place on the earth, provided the hour of the one where the observation is to be made is given.

Astronomers, navigators, telegraph operators, railways, schools, the., will obtain great advantages from the use of this improved map, by being enabled t0 fix the time in any place in the world without an error of more than four minutes. It will therefore, be seen that the rising and setting of the sun according to the season of the year and the latitude, are indicated by the map. All countries in the world where the sun is rising or setting can be seen at once, and at the same time the hour at any place at the moment of the observation, and the length of day or night according to the season of the yearand the latitude, are given.

By the use of the band I the zone of dawn or twilight is accurately indicated, together with the duration of twilight with sufficient accuracy, and the time at that or any other place.

This map can be used in larger size as a universal clock to be placed in towers for the IOO purpose of marking the universal hour, and in this case the white background H of the upper part ofthe casing A,and the black one G of the lower part of said casing A, will be made of very thin sheets of india rubber, which will be secured to the circumference by its inner edge and to the springs J so as t0 obtain an even transparency in both the top and lower surfaces when light is used at night to illuminate the clock.

Having thus fully described my invention, I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patentl. A map provided with a revoluble disk, a xed board to represent the night zone, and a movable band for representing the twilight zone, substantially as described.

2. A map, provided with a day zone and a night zone, and a twilight zone movable relazo tively thereto, substantially as described.

3. A map comprising two revoluble transparent disks representing hemispheres, and

a Iixed shaded board below the said disks, substantially as shown and described.

4. A map comprising two revoluble transparent disks representing hemispheres, a fixed shaded board below the said disks, and a movable band, representing twilight, below the said revoluble disks and over the said tiXed boards, substantially as shown and described.

5. A map comprising two revoluble transparent disks representing hemispheres, a fixed shaded board below the said disks, a movable band representing twilight, below the said revoluble disks and over the said fixed boards, and means, substantially as described, for imparting motion to the said band in opposite directions, as set forth.

MIGUEL ARRIAGA.

Witnesses:

LUs. G. MURE, MANUEL VALERIO ORTEGA. 

